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Great Orme
The Great Orme ((ウェールズ語:Y Gogarth) or ) is a prominent limestone headland on the north coast of Wales, next to the town of Llandudno. It is referred to as ''Cyngreawdr Fynydd'' in a poem by the 12th-century poet Gwalchmai ap Meilyr.〔J. E. Caerwyn Williams (ed.), ''Gwaith Meilyr Brydydd a'i ddisgynyddion'' (University of Wales Press, 1994). 9.153n.〕 Its English name derives from the Viking (Old Norse) word for sea serpent, which it is said to resemble. It is echoed by the Little Orme, a smaller but very similar limestone headland on the eastern side of Llandudno Bay in the parish of Llanrhos.
==Etymology==
Both the Great and Little Ormes have been etymologically linked to the Old Norse words ''urm'' or ''orm'' that mean sea serpent (the English word ''worm'' is transliterated from the same term). The Great Orme being the head, with its body being the land between the Great and Little Ormes. Although the Vikings left no written texts of their time in North Wales, they certainly raided the area though they appear to have not founded any permanent settlements, unlike on the Wirral Peninsula. Still some Norse names remain in use within the former Kingdom of Gwynedd (such as Point of Ayr near Talacre).
Despite there being a theory for the origin of the name "Orme", the word was not commonly used until after the creation of the Victorian resort of Llandudno in the mid-19th century. Prior to this, Welsh names were predominantly used locally and in cartography to name the headland's landward features and the surrounding area. The entire peninsula on which Llandudno was built was known as the Creuddyn (the medieval name of the cwmwd – a historical division of land in Wales); the headland itself was called Y Gogarth or Pen y Gogarth; its promontories were Pen trwyn, Liech and Trwyn y Gogarth.
Orme only appears to have been applied to the headland as seen from the sea. In 1748, ''Plan of the Bay & Harbour of Conway in Caernarvon Shire'' by Lewis Morris the map boldly shows names the body of the peninsula "CREUDDYN" but applies the name "Orme's Head" to the headland's north-westerly seaward point.〔Mary Aris, ''Historic Landscapes of the Great Orme'' page 32〕 The first series Ordnance Survey map (published in 1841 and before the establishment of Llandudno) follows this convention. The headland is called the "Great Orme's Head" but its landward features all have Welsh names.〔Ordnance Survey (1841) First Series (78-Bangor )〕 It is likely that Orme became established as its common name due to Llandudno's burgeoning tourist trade because a majority of visitors and holidaymakers regularly arrived by sea. The headland being the first thing to be sighted of their destination in the three-hour journey from Liverpool by paddle steamer.
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